Part of Speech and its function

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There are 9 basic types called “parts of speech” or “word classes”

  1. Verb
  2. Noun A noun can perform any of the following five functions:
  • Subject of a verb
  • Object of a verb
  • Complement of a verb (subject complement)
  • Object of a preposition
  • Be in apposition to another noun
  1. Pronoun
  • same as noun
  1. Adjective
  • noun modifier
  1. Adverb
    https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/adverbs-functions
  • modifying a verb
  • modifying an adjective
  • modifying another adverb
  • modifying a noun phrase
  • modifying the whole clause
  • modifying the whole sentence
  1. Determiner
  • determine the noun (a/an the my)
  1. Preposition https://studio.smu.ca/ac-resources/prepositions
  • prepositional phrase = pre + noun (pronoun)
  • prepositional phrase serves as
    ++ adjectives: right after the noun they modify
    ++ adverbs: anywhere in a sentence
  1. Conjunction
  • coordinating conjunction (link sentences)
  • subordinating conjunction (link independent clause and dependent clause)
  1. Interjection
    well, …

Parts of sentences (Roles) known sofar:

  1. Subject
  2. Verb (tense)
  3. Direct Object
  4. Indirect Object
  5. Subject Complement
  6. Adverbial
  7. Complement (modifier)

The tripartite system of levels

  1. Parts of Speech
  2. Phrases
  3. Roles within a sentences.

Labels:

  1. Gerunds
    https://grammartop.com/gerund-functions-in-a-sentence/
    -> subject
    -> object (direct/ indirect)
    -> subject complement
    -> object of preposition (the gerunds after preposition)
    ==> The same function as Noun

  2. Infinitive
    source: pdf
    -> Noun (subject, direct object, subject complement)
    -> Adjective
    -> Adverb

  3. Participle (present/past)
    These lables just another form of verb (aka: verbals), not seen as part of speech.
    -> reduced dependent clause:

  • adj clause
  • adv clause
  • noun clause
    So having the same role as respective dependent clause.

Note: Adverbials, aks adverb phrases
link: https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/grammar/style-and-usage/what-s-the-difference-between-adverb-and-adverbial.html